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Hanany–Witten transition
In theoretical physics the Hanany–Witten transition, also called the Hanany–Witten effect, refers to any process in a superstring theory in which two p-branes cross resulting in the creation or destruction of a third p-brane. A special case of this process was first discovered by Amihay Hanany and Edward Witten in their 1996 paper (Type IIB Superstrings, BPS Monopoles, And Three-Dimensional Gauge Dynamics ). All other known cases of Hanany–Witten transitions are related to the original case via combinations of S-dualities and T-dualities.This effect can be expanded to string theory, 2 strings cross together resulting in the creation or destruction of a third string.
==The original effect==
The original Hanany–Witten transition was discovered in type IIB superstring theory in flat, 10-dimensional Minkowski space. They considered a configuration of NS5-branes, D5-branes and D3-branes which today is called a Hanany–Witten brane cartoon. They demonstrated that a subsector of the corresponding open string theory is described by a 3-dimensional Yang–Mills gauge theory. However they found that the string theory space of solutions, called the moduli space, only agreed with the known Yang-Mills moduli space if whenever an NS5-brane and a D5-brane cross, a D3-brane stretched between them is created or destroyed.
They also presented various other arguments in support of their effect, such as a derivation from the worldvolume Wess–Zumino terms. This proof uses the fact that the flux from each brane renders the action of the other brane ill-defined if one does not include the D3-brane.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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